Edmond Locard (1877 - 1966) was known as the Sherlock Holmes of France. He was a professor of forensic medicine and criminology at the University of Lyons. In 1910, he established the world’s first police crime laboratory.
Two attic rooms including two assistants formed Locard's Lab given by the Lyons police department after persuading them for support. He developed laboratory methods to facilitate questioned document examination and recommended the use of "lip prints" for individual identification. Yes...lip prints!